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# אֲבַד

Biblical Aramaic

**perish** — used 7 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

perish [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1488/lemma_3a_5d0_5b2_5d1_5b7_5d3/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

אֲבַד: vb. perish [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1488/lemma_3a_5d0_5b2_5d1_5b7_5d3/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. perish (BH);— Impf. 3 mpl. יֵאבַ֫דוּ (not -וּן v. K§ 26, 1) Je 10:11 they shall perish, pass away. (Old Aramaic האבד Lzb205 Cooke189) destroy: Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תְּהוֹבֵד (K§ 41c) Dn 2:24 (c. ל pers.); 3 mpl. יְהוֹבְדוּן v 18 (indef. subj.; acc. pers.); Inf. לְהוֹבָדָא v 12, 24 (both c. ל pers.), -דָה 7:26 (abs.). (K§ 41c WCG 225) be destroyed: Pf. 3 ms. הוּבַד 7:11.

### Jastrow 1903

אֲבַּד: to be lost to destroy Pa. to be lost, to go to ruin [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1488/lemma_3a_5d0_5b2_5d1_5b7_5d3/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** to be lost. Targ. I Sam. IX, 3; a. fr.—Snh. 111ᵃ; a. fr.—Y. Pes. IX, 37ᵃ כאָבִיד הוא it is to be looked upon as lost. to destroy. Targ. II Kings, XIX, 18; a. fr. = Pa. Targ. Deut. XXVI, 5; a. fr.—Y. Kidd. III, 64ᶜ bot. אובדתא חיין וכ׳ thou hast ruined this man’s (my) life. Gen. R. s. 56 אובדת ליבך thou hast lost thy wits; a. fr. to be lost, to go to ruin. Targ. Ps. XLI, 6; a. e.—Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵇ ווי דמובדין alas for the lost (deceased)! Y. M. Kat. I, beg. 80ᵃ ויובדן and decay. to be lost. Lev. R. s. 34 מִתְאַבְּדִין if they should be lost.—מִתְּבִיד = מִתְאֲבִיד Pes. 5ᵇ; a. e. \[Lam. R., to IV, 21 לאיבדא, read לאיעבדא, v. עֲבַד.\]

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 6 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: headword without dagesh, part of speech agrees, 0 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses (6 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: destroy (3); it was destroyed (1); may they perish (1).

## In the verses

[Daniel 7:26](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.26/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.26/#tree)

וְדִינָ֖א יִתִּ֑ב וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֣הּ יְהַעְדּ֔וֹן לְהַשְׁמָדָ֥ה וּלְהוֹבָדָ֖ה עַד־סוֹפָֽא׃

*Word for word:* and the court it.will.sit and dominion his they.will.remove to annihilate and to destroy until the end

*JPS 1917:* But the judgment shall sit, and his dominions shall be taken away, to be consumed and to be destroy unto the end.

[Daniel 2:12](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.12/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.12/#tree)

כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֔ה מַלְכָּ֕א בְּנַ֖ס וּקְצַ֣ף שַׂגִּ֑יא וַאֲמַר֙ לְה֣וֹבָדָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל חַכִּימֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃

*Word for word:* as to because this the king he.was.angry and he.was.furious exceedingly and he.said to destroy (et) all the.wise.men of.Babylon

*JPS 1917:* For this cause the king was angry and very furious, and commanded to destroy all the wise men of Babylon.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5d0_5b2_5d1_5b7_5d3.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1488/lemma_3a_5d0_5b2_5d1_5b7_5d3/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).