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# אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר

Biblical Aramaic

**revolt** — used 2 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

revolt [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1488/lemma_3a_5d0_5b6_5e9_5b0_5c1_5ea_5b7_5bc_5d3_5bc_5d5_5bc_5e8/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר²: n.m. revolt [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1488/lemma_3a_5d0_5b6_5e9_5b0_5c1_5ea_5b7_5bc_5d3_5bc_5d5_5bc_5e8/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** n.m. revolt;—abs. Ezr 4:15, 19.

### Jastrow 1903

אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר: resistance, rebellion. [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1488/lemma_3a_5d0_5b6_5e9_5b0_5c1_5ea_5b7_5bc_5d3_5bc_5d5_5bc_5e8/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** (שְׁדַר II) resistance, rebellion. Ezra IV, 15; 19.—Targ. Lam. I, 1 חובאה א׳ (read חובא דא׳).

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (2 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (1 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: a revolt (1); revolt (1).

## In the verses

[Ezra 4:19](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.19/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.19/#tree)

וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ וּבַקַּ֣רוּ וְהַשְׁכַּ֔חוּ דִּ֚י קִרְיְתָ֣א דָ֔ךְ מִן־יוֹמָת֙ עָֽלְמָ֔א עַל־מַלְכִ֖ין מִֽתְנַשְּׂאָ֑ה וּמְרַ֥ד וְאֶשְׁתַּדּ֖וּר מִתְעֲבֶד־בַּֽהּ׃

*Word for word:* and from me it.was.made a.decree and they.searched and they.found (diy).that the city this from the.days of.(the) antiquity against kings \[was\].rising.up and rebellion and revolt \[have\].been.done by it

*JPS 1917:* And I decreed, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.

[Ezra 4:15](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.15/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.15/#tree)

דִּ֡י יְבַקַּר֩ בִּֽסְפַר־דָּכְרָ֨נַיָּ֜א דִּ֣י אֲבָהָתָ֗ךְ וּ֠תְהַשְׁכַּח בִּסְפַ֣ר דָּכְרָנַיָּא֮ וְתִנְדַּע֒ דִּי֩ קִרְיְתָ֨א דָ֜ךְ קִרְיָ֣א מָֽרָדָ֗א וּֽמְהַנְזְקַ֤ת מַלְכִין֙ וּמְדִנָ֔ן וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר֙ עָבְדִ֣ין בְּגַוַּ֔הּ מִן־יוֹמָ֖ת עָלְמָ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה קִרְיְתָ֥א דָ֖ךְ הָֽחָרְבַֽת׃

*Word for word:* that he.will.search in the.book of the.records (diy).of fathers your and you.will.find in the.book of the.records and you.will.know (diy).that the city this \[is\].a.city rebellious and injuring (of).kings and provinces and a.revolt \[it.was\].making in midst its from the.days of.(the) antiquity on this the city this it.was.laid.waste

*JPS 1917:* that search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers; so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time; for which cause was this city laid waste.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5d0_5b6_5e9_5b0_5c1_5ea_5b7_5bc_5d3_5bc_5d5_5bc_5e8.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1488/lemma_3a_5d0_5b6_5e9_5b0_5c1_5ea_5b7_5bc_5d3_5bc_5d5_5bc_5e8/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).