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# בְּהַל

Biblical Aramaic

**alarm** — used 11 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

alarm [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1489/lemma_3a_5d1_5b0_5bc_5d4_5b7_5dc/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

בְּהַל: vb. alarm, dismay [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1489/lemma_3a_5d1_5b0_5bc_5d4_5b7_5dc/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. alarm, dismay (so usually 𝔗 (not Syriac); BH \[בָּהַל\]);—Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְבַהֲלָךְ Dn 4:16 and 3 mpl. sf. -לֻנַּנִי 4:2; 7:15, 28 (both juss. Str§ 13 c M § 52 a); -לוּךְ 5:10, -לֻנֵּ֑הּ 4:16, -לוּנֵּהּ 5:6. hasten (so Pi. in late BH; 𝔗 Ithpe. (rare)); Inf. בְּהִתְבְּהָלָה = in haste (orig. ‘in alarm’) Dn 2:25; 3:24; 6:20. Pt. pass. מִתְבָּהַל Dn 5:9 was greatly alarmed.

### Jastrow 1903

בְּהַל: Pa to be precocious, inconsiderate, hasty to be hurried, to hurry to be agitated [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1489/lemma_3a_5d1_5b0_5bc_5d4_5b7_5dc/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** —Pa. בּהֵיל to be precocious, inconsiderate, hasty. Targ. Koh. V, 1; a. e. to be hurried, to hurry. Targ. Esth. II, 9. to be agitated. Targ. I Sam. XXVIII, 21; a. fr.—Y. Keth. I, 25ᵃ is it possible that the whole town מִתְבַּהֲלָה וכ׳ was excited on account of Naomi?

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 10 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (2 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (2 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech agrees, 0 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (3 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: they (5); haste (3); let (2).

## In the verses

[Daniel 7:15](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.15/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.15/#tree)

אֶתְכְּרִיַּ֥ת רוּחִ֛י אֲנָ֥ה דָנִיֵּ֖אל בְּג֣וֹא נִדְנֶ֑ה וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽנִי׃

*Word for word:* it.was.distressed spirit my I Daniel in.\[the\] midst of.\[the\].sheath and the.visions of my.head they alarmed.me

*JPS 1917:* As for me Daniel, my spirit was pained in the midst of my body, and the visions of my head affrighted me.

[Daniel 4:2](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.2/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.2/#tree)

חֵ֥לֶם חֲזֵ֖ית וִֽידַחֲלִנַּ֑נִי וְהַרְהֹרִין֙ עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבִ֔י וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽנִי׃

*Word for word:* a.dream I.saw and it made.me.afraid and imaginings on bed my and the.visions of my.head they alarmed.me

*JPS 1917:* I saw a dream which made me afraid; and imaginings upon my bed and the visions of my head affrighted me.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5d1_5b0_5bc_5d4_5b7_5dc.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1489/lemma_3a_5d1_5b0_5bc_5d4_5b7_5dc/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).