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# חֲשַׁל

Biblical Aramaic

**shatter** — used 1 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 1 verse word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

shatter [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1495/lemma_3a_5d7_5b2_5e9_5b7_5c1_5dc/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

חֲשַׁל: vb. shatter [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1495/lemma_3a_5d7_5b2_5e9_5b7_5c1_5dc/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. shatter by a blow (Assyrian h̬ašâlu, shatter, perhaps thresh; NH חָשַׁל Pi. shatter: JAram. חֲשַׁל forge, hammer, Syriac ܚܫܰܠ forge, furbish; Buhl14 cp. 𝔗 חוּשְׁלָא barley-groats (as pounded, beaten), and perhaps Assyrian h̬ušlu, barley; NöM 135 cp. Arabic حَسَلَ thrust, drive away (Frey), 𝔗 נַחְשׁוֹל storm(y sea; cf. in Eng. beaten, buffetted by waves; Assyrian loan-word Ba ZA ii. 117), Syriac ܡܰܚܫܽܘܠ id.);— Pt. act. חָשֵׁל Dn 2:40 (acc. rei).

### Jastrow 1903

חֲשַׁל: to furbish, forge, hammer. to plan, design to peel, pound grits to plan Pe [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1495/lemma_3a_5d7_5b2_5e9_5b7_5c1_5dc/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** to furbish, forge, hammer. Dan. II, 40.—Ab. Zar. 16ᵃ דחַשְׁלֵי מינייהו וכ׳ Ms. M., v. חֲלַשׁ.—Trnsf. to plan, design (corresp. to b. h. חרש a. חשב). Targ. Ps. XXXVI, 5. Targ. Prov. XIV, 22; a. fr. to peel, pound grits, v. חוּשְׁלָא.—V. חֲשִׁילָא. same, esp. to plan. Targ. Ps. XXI, 12, a. fr. Ms. (ed. Pe.). Targ. Y. Deut. I, 12.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (4 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: crushing (1).

## In the verses

[Daniel 2:40](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.40/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.40/#tree)

וּמַלְכוּ֙ רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י פַרְזְלָא֙ מְהַדֵּ֤ק וְחָשֵׁל֙ כֹּ֔לָּא וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א דִּֽי־מְרָעַ֥ע כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃

*Word for word:* and a.kingdom fourth it.will.be strong like (the) iron as to because that the iron \[is\].shattering and.\[is\] crushing (the) everything and like (the) iron which \[is\].crushing all these it.will.shatter and it.will.crush

*JPS 1917:* And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5d7_5b2_5e9_5b7_5c1_5dc.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1495/lemma_3a_5d7_5b2_5e9_5b7_5c1_5dc/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).