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# נְוָלוּ

Biblical Aramaic

**refuse-heap** — used 3 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

refuse-heap [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1504/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5d5_5b8_5dc_5d5_5bc/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

נְוָלוּ: n.f. refuse-heap [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1504/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5d5_5b8_5dc_5d5_5bc/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** (K§ 61, 4. 5) n.f. refuse-heap (𝔗 נְוָלִי dung-heap; perhaps loan-word from Assyrian namâlu (nawâlu), ruin, JenKB vi. 363);—נְוָלוּ Ezr 6:11, נְוָלִי Dn 2:5; 3:29.

### Jastrow 1903

נְוָלוּ: offensiveness; dunghill, cesspool. [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1504/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5d5_5b8_5dc_5d5_5bc/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** (נְוַול I) offensiveness; dunghill, cesspool. Ezra VI, 11. Dan. II, 5.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 3 of its verses cited, 2 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 words shared with the BDB entry, 2 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (9 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: a refuse-heap (3).

## In the verses

[Daniel 2:5](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.5/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.5/#tree)

עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֣ר לְכַשְׂדָּאֵ֔י מִלְּתָ֖א מִנִּ֣י אַזְדָּ֑א הֵ֣ן לָ֤א תְהֽוֹדְעוּנַּ֙נִי֙ חֶלְמָ֣א וּפִשְׁרֵ֔הּ הַדָּמִין֙ תִּתְעַבְד֔וּן וּבָתֵּיכ֖וֹן נְוָלִ֥י יִתְּשָׂמֽוּן׃

*Word for word:* \[was\].replying the king and.\[was\] saying to the Chaldeans the word from me \[is\].assured if not you will.make.known.to.me the dream and interpretation its members you.will.be.made and houses your a.refuse-heap they.will.be.made

*JPS 1917:* The king answered and said to the Chaldeans: 'The thing is certain with me; if ye make not known unto me the dream and the interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made a dunghill.

[Ezra 6:11](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.6.11/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.6.11/#tree)

וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֗שׁ דִּ֤י יְהַשְׁנֵא֙ פִּתְגָמָ֣א דְנָ֔ה יִתְנְסַ֥ח אָע֙ מִן־בַּיְתֵ֔הּ וּזְקִ֖יף יִתְמְחֵ֣א עֲלֹ֑הִי וּבַיְתֵ֛הּ נְוָל֥וּ יִתְעֲבֵ֖ד עַל־דְּנָֽה׃

*Word for word:* and from me it.is.made a.decree (diy).that every person who he.will.violate the command this let.it.be.pulled.away a.beam from house his and \[he.will\].be.lifted.up let.him.be.impaled on it and house his a.refuse-heap let.it.be.made on this

*JPS 1917:* Also I have made a decree, that whosoever shall alter this word, let a beam be pulled out from his house, and let him be lifted up and fastened thereon; and let his house be made a dunghill for this;

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5d5_5b8_5dc_5d5_5bc.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1504/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5d5_5b8_5dc_5d5_5bc/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).