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# נְפַק

Biblical Aramaic

**go** — used 11 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

go [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1504/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e7/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

נְפַק: vb. go come, out, forth [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1504/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e7/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. go, or come, out, forth (𝔗 id., NH נָפַק, Syriac ܢܦܰܩ, so Chr-Pal. SchulthLex. 126, Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. נפק Lzb 324, cf. Arabic نَافِقَاءُ hole of field mouse; v. also Aramaic נַפְקוּתָא, ܢܦܰܩܬܳܐ outlay, Egyptian Aramaic נפקתה CookeInscr. 212, Arabic نَفَقَةٌ household outlay (Aramaic loan-word SchwallyZMG lii (1898), 133));— Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Dn 2:14 he went out, c. inf.; 3 fs. נֶפְקַת v 13 decree went forth (cf. Lu 2:1); 3 mpl. נפקו 5:5 Kt (Qr 3 fpl. נְפַ֫קָה, K§ 23, 2) fingers came forth; c. מִן loc.: Imv. mpl. פֻּקוּ (K§ 42) 3:26 come forth! Pt. pl. נָֽפְקִין v 26 (both of men); sg. נָפֵק 7:10 (= flow out). bring forth, acc. rei + מִן loc.: Pf. 3 ms. הַנְפֵּק Ezr 5:14(×2); 6:5 Dn 5:2; 3 mpl. הַנְפִּ֫קוּ v 3 (so Egyptian Aramaic S-CPap. D 15, 17 +).

### Jastrow 1903

נְפַק: to go out, come out; to result, end similar to, corresponding to take out, exclude Haf to lead forth, carry forth; to bring forth, produce; to derive; to take out, exclude to the exclusion of to take out by legal decision; to collect; to claim Pe Ithaf to be carried forth [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1504/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e7/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** (corresp. to h. יצא) same, to go out, come out; to result, end. Targ. O. VIII, 7 מִיפַּק ed. Berl. (oth. ed. a. Y. מֵיפַק); a. v. fr.—Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ top שרי מלכא נ׳ וכ׳ when the king begins to march out, even if he has not yet gone out, we say, he has gone out. Ib. 3ᶜ bot. הוינן נַפְקִין לתעניתא we went out for fast and prayer. Koh. R. to X, 8 מִינְּפַק ליה (= מן נ׳) after he came out. Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵃ מִנַּפְקִין when they came out; Lam. R. to II, 2 מן דנַפְקוּן. Y. l. c. לא נפקון טבאות (Matt. K. to Lam. R. l. c. לא נַפְקַת להון) they did not end well. Pesik. B’shall., p. 94ᵃ וגוש חלבאי נפקין וכ׳ and the men of Giscala went out after them with sticks &c.; Koh. R. to XI, 2 וגוש חלב אנפקין (corr. acc.); a. v. fr.—Imperat. פּוּק. Targ. Gen. VIII, 16; a. fr.—Erub. 14ᵇ, a. e. פ׳ חזי וכ׳, v. דְּבַר. Sabb. 106ᵃ, a. e. פ׳ תני וכ׳, v. בַּר I ch.—Part. נָפֵיק. Targ. I Kings XV, 17; v. next w.; a. fr.—(כנ׳) כד נפיק ביה = h. כיוצא בו (v. יָצָא) similar to, corresponding. Targ. Y. II, Gen. II, 18. Targ. Y. Deut. XIV, 8 (not כַּנְפֵיק, כַּנְפַק).—Y. Ber. VI, 10ᵇ bot. נ׳ אנא ידי חובתי do I do my duty?, v. יָצָא. Succ. 36ᵇ ונ׳ בה and used it for doing his duty (for the ceremony of Ethrog).—Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵃ top, a. e. מה נָ׳ מן ביניהון what is the outcome from between them?, i.e. what is the difference between them in practice?—נפקא מינה וכ׳ the practical difference is &c. Bets. 6ᵇ למאי נ׳ מינה in regard to what practice is there a difference (whether or not eggs found in a chicken can be hatched)? למקח וממכר it makes a difference in trade (if one bought eggs for breeding). Keth. 72ᵃ מאי נ׳ לה מינה תיעביד what difference does it make to her? let her do it; a. v. fr.—Tem. 7ᵃ נ׳ ליה וכ׳ it is derived from the Biblical word &c. Ib. תֵּיפוּק ליה זריקה וכ׳ let ‘sprinkling’ be derived from &c.—Gen. R. s. 52 ונֵיפוֹק ידוי and do justice to it (to the verse to be explained), v. supra. to take out, exclude. Sabb. 74ᵃ ולֵיפוּק חדא וכ׳ let him take out one (of the enumerated categories) and insert another one. Ḥull. 43ᵃ לא תִיפַּק, v. infra.—\[Targ. Am. IX, 13, v. infra.\] , Haf. הַנְפַּק to lead forth, carry forth; to bring forth, produce; to derive; to take out, exclude. Targ. Ex. XVI, 3. Targ. Am. IX, 13 במַפִּיק ed. Lag. (oth. ed. במִפַּק, corr. acc.). Targ. Job XV, 13; a. fr.—Ber. 38ᵃ (ref. to המוציא in the benediction over bread) דא׳ משמע it means ‘who has brought forth’; דמַפִּיק משמע it means ‘who brings forth’. Ib. אַפִּיקוּ ליה ריפתא they brought out bread (and placed it) before him. Ib. (ref. to המוציא, Ex. VI, 7) כד מַפִּיקְנָא לכו … דאַפֵּיקִית וכ׳ when I lead you forth, I shall do for you a thing that you may know that it is I who led you forth. Sot. 16ᵇ; R. Hash. 13ᵃ לא תַפִּיק נפשך יכ׳ do not let thyself go beyond the established rule. B. Bath. 60ᵃ דהוה מַפִּיק וכ׳ which led to (opened towards) etc. Tem. 3ᵇ מפיק שם וכ׳ utters the name of the Lord in vain. Ib. 7ᵃ מַפְּקִינָן לבמת יחיד we derive from it a rule for individual high-places.—Ḥull. 42ᵇ אַפֵּיק חדא וכ׳ take out one category and insert another. Ib. 43ᵃ top הנך דאַפְּקַת לא תַפִּיק Tosaf. (ed. לא תיפק) the two which thou didst exclude, do not exclude; a. v. fr.—לְאַפּוּקֵי or לַאֲפוּקֵי to the exclusion of, v. אַפֵּק. to take out by legal decision; to collect; to claim. Keth. 76ᵇ מייתי אב ראיה ומפיק the father brings evidence and gets a verdict for collecting, opp. ומוקים for letting the money stand where it is. Y. Gitt. I, end, 43ᵈ ואַפְּקוּן מיניה and collected from him. Ib. בעון מִיפְּקָא (v. supra Pe. 2) they wanted to collect. Y. Shebu. VII, 38ᵃ top אתון ואַפְּקוּן דלא וכ׳ they came and claimed that he had not given them anything; a. fr. , Ithaf. אִתְאֵפַּק to be carried forth. Targ. Gen. XXXVIII, 25; a. fr.—Y. Gitt. VI, 48ᵃ bot. אתא׳ למקטלא was led out to be executed.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 9 of its verses cited, 3 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 0 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech agrees, 0 of its verses cited, 3 words shared with the glosses (5 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: he brought out (2); he had brought out (2); \[were\] coming out (1).

## In the verses

[Daniel 2:13](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.13/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.13/#tree)

וְדָתָ֣א נֶפְקַ֔ת וְחַכִּֽימַיָּ֖א מִֽתְקַטְּלִ֑ין וּבְע֛וֹ דָּנִיֵּ֥אל וְחַבְר֖וֹהִי לְהִתְקְטָלָֽה׃פ

*Word for word:* and the decree it.went.out and the.wise men \[were\].about.to.be.killed and they.sought Daniel and companions his to be.killed

*JPS 1917:* So the decree went forth, and the wise men were to be slain; and they sought Daniel and his companions to be slain.

[Daniel 2:14](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.14/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.14/#tree)

בֵּאדַ֣יִן דָּנִיֵּ֗אל הֲתִיב֙ עֵטָ֣א וּטְעֵ֔ם לְאַרְי֕וֹךְ רַב־טַבָּחַיָּ֖א דִּ֣י מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֚י נְפַ֣ק לְקַטָּלָ֔ה לְחַכִּימֵ֖י בָּבֶֽל׃

*Word for word:* then Daniel he.sent.back counsel and discretion to Arioch the.chief the executioners (diy).of the king who he.went.out to kill (et).the wise.men of.Babylon

*JPS 1917:* Then Daniel returned answer with counsel and discretion to Arioch the captain of the king's guard, who was gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon;

## In Targum Onkelos

Number 107 of the commonest words of Targum Onkelos, the Aramaic translation of the Torah: used 55 times there, in the forms וּנְפַק (39); נְפַק (16).

[Genesis 28:10](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.28.10/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.28.10/#tree) · Onkelos, then the Hebrew

וּנְפַק יַעֲקֹב מִבְּאֵרָא דְשָׁבַע וַאֲזַל לְחָרָן

וַיֵּצֵ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִבְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ חָרָֽנָה׃

*Word for word:* and he.went.out Jacob from Beer Sheba and he.went to Haran

*JPS 1917:* And Jacob went out from Beer-sheba, and went toward Haran.

[Exodus 10:18](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.18/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.18/#tree) · Onkelos, then the Hebrew

וּנְפַק מִלְוָת פַּרְעֹה וְצַלִי קֳדָם יְיָ:

וַיֵּצֵ֖א מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיֶּעְתַּ֖ר אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃

*Word for word:* and he.went.out from with Pharaoh and he.prayed to Yahweh

*JPS 1917:* And he went out from Pharaoh, and entreated the LORD.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e7.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1504/lemma_3a_5e0_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e7/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).