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# עַד

Biblical Aramaic

**even to** — used 35 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

even to [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5d3/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

עַד²: prep. conj. even to, until [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5d3/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** prep. and conj. even to, until (BH III. עַד; so 𝔗 Syriac Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb336 S-CA 5 +));— prep.: of space, even to Dn 7:13; עַד־כָּה v 28. of amount, up to Ezr 7:22 (4 times). of time, until Dn 2:20; 6:15, 27; 7:18(×2), 26 Ezr 4:24; 5:16 וְעַד־כְּעַן; = our against 6:15 (cf. BH, p. 724 a top); to (the end of) = during Dn 6:8 עַד יוֹמִין תְּלָתִין, v 13; 7:12, 25. On עַד־אָֽחֳרֵין Dn 4:5 v. אָחֳרָן; and on עַד־דִּבְרַת דִּי 4:14 v. \[דִּבְרָה\]. conj.: עַד־דִּי until, sq. pf. (of past time) Dn 2:34; 4:30; 5:21; 7:4, 9, 11, 22; sq. impf. (of fut.) 2:9; 4:20, 22, 29.—Dn 6:25 לָא מְטוֹ … עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג׳ up to the time that …, i.e. ere that. עַד alone, Ezr 4:21; 5:5.

### Jastrow 1903

עַד: turn continuation; up to, until, during, while; in place of inclusive of exclusive of in behalf of, for, about [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5d3/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** turn, continuation; (prep.) up to, until, during, while; in place of. B. Mets. 87ᵃ; Snh. 107ᵇ עד אברהם up to Abraham’s time, v. זִקְנָה. B. Kam. 55ᵃ עד שאתה שואלני וכ׳ during the time that &c., instead of asking me &c. Gen. R. s. 58 עד שלא ישקיע וכ׳ before yet the Lord causes the sun of one righteous man to set, he causes that of another to rise. Kidd. 29ᵇ עד כ׳ שנה until a person is twenty years old. Ib. 31ᵃ עד היכן כיבוד וכ׳ how far does the duty of honoring parents go?; a. v. fr.—Ber. 26ᵇ (ref. to ib. IV, 1 ‘up to four hours’) עד וָעַד בכלל וכ׳ does it mean ‘up to’, and that ‘up to’ included, i.e. including the whole fourth hour of the day, or excluding the fourth hour? Nidd. 58ᵇ לימא בעד ועד בכלל קמיפלגי shall we say, their difference turns on the question whether ‘until’ is meant to include or to exclude the terminus? Ib. איכא עד ועד בכלל ואיכא עד ולא עד בכלל sometimes ‘until’ means inclusive of, and sometimes exclusive of. Ib. קמיפלגי בעד ועד דהכא they differ as to the meaning of the word ‘until’ in this case (in the Mishnah); a. fr.—בַּעַד, בְּעַד (cmp. עֲבוּר) in behalf of, for, about. Midr. Till. to Ps. IV וכי … הפונדק בַּעֲדֵינוּ (our w. missing in ed. Bub.) has that innkeeper opened his shop for the first time today, for our benefit? Midr. Till. to Ps. XII שאל בַּעֲדוֹ וכ׳ he inquired about him, where is he?; a. e.—וָעֶד, v. עוֹלָם.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech not compared, 31 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (3 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech not compared, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (2 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech not compared, 0 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses (30 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: until (26); up to (4); to (3).

## In the verses

[Daniel 7:26](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.26/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.26/#tree)

וְדִינָ֖א יִתִּ֑ב וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֣הּ יְהַעְדּ֔וֹן לְהַשְׁמָדָ֥ה וּלְהוֹבָדָ֖ה עַד־סוֹפָֽא׃

*Word for word:* and the court it.will.sit and dominion his they.will.remove to annihilate and to destroy until the end

*JPS 1917:* But the judgment shall sit, and his dominions shall be taken away, to be consumed and to be destroy unto the end.

[Daniel 7:12](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.12/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.12/#tree)

וּשְׁאָר֙ חֵֽיוָתָ֔א הֶעְדִּ֖יו שָׁלְטָנְה֑וֹן וְאַרְכָ֧ה בְחַיִּ֛ין יְהִ֥יבַת לְה֖וֹן עַד־זְמַ֥ן וְעִדָּֽן׃

*Word for word:* and the.rest of the.beasts they.removed dominion their and a.prolonging in life(s) it.was.given to them until a.time and a.time

*JPS 1917:* And as for the rest of the beasts, their dominion was taken away; yet their lives were prolonged for a season and a time.

## In Targum Onkelos

Number 17 of the commonest words of Targum Onkelos, the Aramaic translation of the Torah: used 338 times there, in the forms עַד (292); וְעַד (46).

[Genesis 39:16](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.39.16/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.39.16/#tree) · Onkelos, then the Hebrew

וַאֲחִתְּתֵהּ לִלְבוּשֵׁהּ לְוָתַהּ עַד דְּעַל רִבּוֹנֵהּ לְבֵיתֵהּ

וַתַּנַּ֥ח בִּגְד֖וֹ אֶצְלָ֑הּ עַד־בּ֥וֹא אֲדֹנָ֖יו אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃

*Word for word:* and she.placed clothing his beside her until came master(s) his to house his

*JPS 1917:* And she laid up his garment by her, until his master came home.

[Deuteronomy 28:46](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.28.46/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.28.46/#tree) · Onkelos, then the Hebrew

וִיהוֹן בָּךְ לְאָת וּלְמוֹפֵת וּבִבְנָיךְ עַד עֳלָם

וְהָי֣וּ בְךָ֔ לְא֖וֹת וּלְמוֹפֵ֑ת וּֽבְזַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

*Word for word:* and they.will.become among you (into).a sign and.(into) a wonder and among offspring your until perpetuity

*JPS 1917:* And they shall be upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed for ever;

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5d3.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5d3/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).