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# עַל

Biblical Aramaic

**upon** — used 104 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

upon [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5dc/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

עַל²: prep. [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5dc/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** prep. upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (BH and general Aramaic id.);—sf. 1 s. עֲלַי; 2 ms. עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, CookeNo. 77, A 5, 6, B 8, S-CPap.A 3, B 5 +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (𝔗 עֲלַךְ, Dalm§ 47, 2) Dn 3:12 + 6 times Dn, Ezr 7:18; 3 ms. עֲלוֹהִי (so Nab. Palm.; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-CA 6 +) Dn 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי †Ezr 6:11; 3 fs. עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-CD 24), עֲלַהּ Qr (so 𝔗) †Dn 4:14; 5:21; 1 pl. עֲלֵי֥נָא †Ezr 4:12, עֲלֶ֑ינָא 4:18; 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 mpl. עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nab., CIS ii. 226; Egyptian Aramaic, S-CPap. F 5, 8 +) †7:24, עֲלֵיהוֹן †5:1, 3;— upon, Dn 2:10, 28, 46; 5:5, 7; 6:11 + often, 4:26 עַל־הֵיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2 S 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 4:33 (cf. 2 Ch 1:1; BH II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezr 7:24; to trust on, Dn 3:28; after a vb. of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dn 4:21, 25; of times, to pass over, 4:13, 20, 22, 29; Ezr 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֹן i.e. (named) over them. idiom. (as in BH; v. II. 1 d) of the pers. who is the subj. of an emotion or experience, Dn 5:9 וְזִיוֹהִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֹהִי were changed upon him, 7:28; 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי (cf. 2:1). on acc. of (BH 1 f b), Dn 3:16 עַל־דְּנָה פִּתְגָּם. So in עַל־דְּנָה on this acc. †Ezr 4:15, 22; 5:17, עַל־מָה wherefore? †Dn 2:15; and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (v. דְּ׳). on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezr 6:17. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dn 2:18; 5:14, 29; 6:6, 13; Ezr 7:14 + often over, with vbs. of ruling appointing, etc., Dn 2:48, 49; 3:12; 4:14 +, Ezr 4:20; 6:18. in a compar. sense, above, beyond, Dn 3:19; 6:4. expressing direction: to, of a person, after a vb. of motion (cf. BH 7 c a α), Dn 2:24; 4:31, 33; 6:7, 16; Ezr 4:12, 23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezr 4:11, 17, 18; 5:6 +, write 4:7, prophesy 5:1; of the direction of the mind (ib. 7 c c), Dn 3:12; 6:14(×2) 15; cf. Ezr 5:5 וְעֵין אֱל׳ הֲוַת עַל (cf. Je 40:4 and אֶל ψ 34:16). against, Dn 3:19, 29; 5:23; 6:5, 6 +; Ezr 4:8; 7:23. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Heb.: v. BH 8), Ezr 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, 7:18(×2); Dn 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v 24 (טְאֵב).—Comp. the synopsis of meanings in Lzb 340.

### Jastrow 1903

עַל ²

**The whole Jastrow entry:** Targ. Gen. I, 2; a. v. fr.—With suffix (pl.) עֲלַי, עֲלָךְ, עֲלוֹהִי &c. Ib. XXVII, 12; a. v. fr.—Ab. II, 6 על דאטפת, v. טוּף.—ייתי עֲלַי, v. אֲתָא; a. v. fr.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech not compared, 64 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (4 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech not compared, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (3 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech not compared, 0 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (27 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: on (33); to (27); over (18).

## In the verses

[Daniel 4:25](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.25/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.25/#tree)

כֹּ֣לָּא מְּטָ֔א עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֖ר מַלְכָּֽא׃פ

*Word for word:* (the) everything it.came on Nebuchadnezzar the king

*JPS 1917:* All this came upon the king Nebuchadnezzar.

[Ezra 4:18](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.18/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.18/#tree)

נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֕א דִּ֥י שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן עֲלֶ֑ינָא מְפָרַ֥שׁ קֱרִ֖י קָדָמָֽי׃

*Word for word:* the letter which you.sent to us \[was\].made.distinct it.was.read.aloud before me

*JPS 1917:* the letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.

## In Targum Onkelos

Number 181 of the commonest words of Targum Onkelos, the Aramaic translation of the Torah: used 33 times there, in the forms עֲלַי (17); דְעַל (13); דְּעַל (2); דִעַל (1).

[Genesis 30:28](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.30.28/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.30.28/#tree) · Onkelos, then the Hebrew

וַאֲמָר פָּרֵישׁ אַגְרָךְ עֲלַי וְאֶתֵּן

וַיֹּאמַ֑ר נָקְבָ֧ה שְׂכָרְךָ֛ עָלַ֖י וְאֶתֵּֽנָה׃

*Word for word:* and he.said designate wage\[s\] your on me and I.will.give.\[it\]

*JPS 1917:* And he said: 'Appoint me thy wages, and I will give it.'

[Genesis 39:16](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.39.16/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.39.16/#tree) · Onkelos, then the Hebrew

וַאֲחִתְּתֵהּ לִלְבוּשֵׁהּ לְוָתַהּ עַד דְּעַל רִבּוֹנֵהּ לְבֵיתֵהּ

וַתַּנַּ֥ח בִּגְד֖וֹ אֶצְלָ֑הּ עַד־בּ֥וֹא אֲדֹנָ֖יו אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃

*Word for word:* and she.placed clothing his beside her until came master(s) his to house his

*JPS 1917:* And she laid up his garment by her, until his master came home.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5dc.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1506/lemma_3a_5e2_5b7_5dc/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).