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# קַדְמָה

Biblical Aramaic

**former time** — used 2 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

former time [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b7_5d3_5b0_5de_5b8_5d4/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

קַדְמָה: n.f. former time [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b7_5d3_5b0_5de_5b8_5d4/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** n.f. former time (cf. BH קַדְמָה, Zinj. קדמה (Cooke177), former state);—cstr. Dn 6:11 מִן־קַדְמַת דְּנָה = before this, formerly; so Ezr 5:11 מִקַּדְמַת דְּ׳. cf. Gn 28:19 𝔗J, Ez 38:17 𝔗.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 of its verses cited, 2 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 words shared with the BDB entry, 2 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: none

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: the former time (2).

## In the verses

[Ezra 5:11](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.5.11/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.5.11/#tree)

וּכְנֵ֥מָא פִתְגָמָ֖א הֲתִיב֣וּנָא לְמֵמַ֑ר אֲנַ֣חְנָא הִמּ֡וֹ עַבְדוֹהִי֩ דִֽי־אֱלָ֨הּ שְׁמַיָּ֜א וְאַרְעָ֗א וּבָנַ֤יִן בַּיְתָא֙ דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨א בְנֵ֜ה מִקַּדְמַ֤ת דְּנָה֙ שְׁנִ֣ין שַׂגִּיאָ֔ן וּמֶ֤לֶךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ רַ֔ב בְּנָ֖הִי וְשַׁכְלְלֵֽהּ׃

*Word for word:* and as.follows the word they sent.back.to.us to say we they \[are\].his servants (diy).of the.God of the.heavens and the earth and \[we.are\].building the house which it.was built from the.former.time of.this years many and a.king of Israel great he built.it and he finished.it

*JPS 1917:* And thus they returned us answer, saying: We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and build the house that was builded these many years ago, which a great king of Israel builded and finished.

[Daniel 6:11](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.6.11/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.6.11/#tree)

וְ֠דָנִיֵּאל כְּדִ֨י יְדַ֜ע דִּֽי־רְשִׁ֤ים כְּתָבָא֙ עַ֣ל לְבַיְתֵ֔הּ וְכַוִּ֨ין פְּתִיחָ֥ן לֵהּ֙ בְּעִלִּיתֵ֔הּ נֶ֖גֶד יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וְזִמְנִין֩ תְּלָתָ֨ה בְיוֹמָ֜א ה֣וּא ׀ בָּרֵ֣ךְ עַל־בִּרְכ֗וֹהִי וּמְצַלֵּ֤א וּמוֹדֵא֙ קֳדָ֣ם אֱלָהֵ֔הּ כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־הֲוָ֣א עָבֵ֔ד מִן־קַדְמַ֖ת דְּנָֽה׃ס

*Word for word:* and Daniel as that he.knew (diy).that it.was.signed the writing he.went.in to house his and windows \[were\].opened to it in his.upper room facing Jerusalem and times three in the day he \[was\].kneeling on knees his and.\[was\] praying and.\[was\] praising before God his as to because that he.was doing from the.former.time of.this

*JPS 1917:* And when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house — now his windows were open in his upper chamber toward Jerusalem — and he kneeled upon his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God, as he did aforetime.

## On Mova

- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b7_5d3_5b0_5de_5b8_5d4/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).