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# רְפַס

Biblical Aramaic

**tread** — used 2 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

tread [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1512/lemma_3a_5e8_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e1/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

רְפַס: vb. tread, trample [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1512/lemma_3a_5e8_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e1/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. tread, trample (cf. BH (late));— Pt. act. fs. בּרגליה רָֽסְפָה, c. acc. rei Dn 7:7, 19.

### Jastrow 1903

רְפַס: to shake, shatter to tremble [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1512/lemma_3a_5e8_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e1/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** Targ. Y. II, Gen. XLIV, 19. Targ. Ez. XXV, 6 (h. text רקע). Targ. II Sam. XXII, 43; a. e. to shake, shatter. Kidd. 63ᵇ הני שמעתתא דידי מְרַפְּסָן איגרי these my traditions are apt to shatter roofs (are hard to understand). to tremble. Targ. Koh. XII, 4 ויִתְרַפְּסוּן (Levita ויתרפשון).—V. רְפַשׂ.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech agrees, 0 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (3 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: \[it was\] trampling (2).

## In the verses

[Daniel 7:19](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.19/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.19/#tree)

אֱדַ֗יִן צְבִית֙ לְיַצָּבָ֔א עַל־חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א דִּֽי־הֲוָ֥ת שָֽׁנְיָ֖ה מִן־כָּלְּהֵ֑ין דְּחִילָ֣ה יַתִּ֗ירָה שִׁנַּ֤הּ דִּֽי־פַרְזֶל֙ וְטִפְרַ֣יהּ דִּֽי־נְחָ֔שׁ אָֽכְלָ֣ה מַדֲּקָ֔ה וּשְׁאָרָ֖א בְּרַגְלַ֥יהּרָֽפְסָֽה׃

*Word for word:* then I.desired to make.certain concerning the beast (the) fourth which it.was different from all of.them \[it.was\].terrible exceedingly tooth its \[were\].(diy).of iron and claws its \[were\].(diy).of bronze \[it.was\].devouring \[it.was\].shattering and the rest with feet its \[it.was\].trampling

*JPS 1917:* Then I desired to know the truth concerning the fourth beast, which was diverse from all of them, exceeding terrible, whose teeth were of iron, and its nails of brass; which devoured, brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet;

[Daniel 7:7](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.7/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.7/#tree)

בָּאתַ֣ר דְּנָה֩ חָזֵ֨ה הֲוֵ֜ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֗א וַאֲר֣וּ חֵיוָ֣ה רְֽבִיעָאָ֡ה דְּחִילָה֩ וְאֵֽימְתָנִ֨י וְתַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא וְשִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֥ל לַהּ֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן אָֽכְלָ֣ה וּמַדֱּקָ֔ה וּשְׁאָרָ֖א בְּרַגְלַ֣הּ רָפְסָ֑ה וְהִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה מִן־כָּל־חֵֽיוָתָא֙ דִּ֣י קָֽדָמַ֔יהּ וְקַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר לַֽהּ׃

*Word for word:* after this seeing I.was in the.visions of the.night and lo! a.beast fourth \[was\].terrible and terrible and strong exceedingly and teeth (diy).of iron \[were\].to it great \[it.was\].devouring and \[it.was\].shattering and the rest with foot its \[it.was\].trampling and it \[was\].different from all the beasts which \[were\].before it and horns ten \[were\].to it

*JPS 1917:* After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet; and it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5e8_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e1.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1512/lemma_3a_5e8_5b0_5e4_5b7_5e1/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).