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# תּוּב

Biblical Aramaic

**return** — used 8 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

return [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1514/lemma_3a_5ea_5bc_5d5_5bc_5d1/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

תּוּב: vb. return [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1514/lemma_3a_5ea_5bc_5d5_5bc_5d1/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. return (𝔗 Syriac; BH שׁוּב);— Impf. 3 ms. יְתוּב, c. עַל pers., of brightness (זִיו) of face Dn 4:33b, of knowledge v 31, 33a. Pf. 3 ms. הֲתִיב Dn 2:14; 3 mpl. sf. הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezr 5:11; Impf. 3 mpl. יַהֲתִיבוּן 6:5, יְתִיבוּן (K§ 33, 2) 5:5; Inf. sf. לַהֲתָבוּתָךְ Dn 3:16;— restore, acc. rei Ezr 6:5. return (acc. of answer, etc.) 5:5, 11; Dn 3:16 (sf. pers.), הֲת׳ עֵטָא וּטְעֵם 2:14.

### Jastrow 1903

תּוּב I: to go back, return, do again to restore to go back on, to bethink one’s self, regret to lead back, turn; to give back, restore; to recompense Pe to throw up, vomit to reconsider, bethink one’s self to answer, reply, refute to raise an objection, argue; to put question to answer, meet an objection It [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1514/lemma_3a_5ea_5bc_5d5_5bc_5d1/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** = h. שׁוּב, to go back, return, do again. Targ. Gen. XIV, 7. Targ. O. ib. XVIII, 10 מֵיתַב אֵיתוּב ed. Berl. (ed. Vien. מִתַּב אִתּוּב); a. v. fr.—Part. תָּאֵב, תָּאֵיב; fr. which a verb תְּאֵב, תְּאֵיב. Targ. Ez. XXXV, 7. Targ. I Sam. XXVII, 9. Targ. Y. Gen. VIII, 3; a. fr.—Usually תָּיֵב, תָּיֵיב; f. תָּיְבָא, תָּיְי׳; pl. תָּיְבִין, תָּיְבֵי, תָּיְי׳; תָּיְבָן, תָּיְי׳. Targ. Am. IX, 1. Targ. I Sam. VII, 3. Targ. Gen. l. c.; a. fr. to restore, v. infra., v. infra. \[to go back on,\] to bethink one’s self, regret. Targ. O. a. Y. I Gen. VI, 6. Ib. 7. Targ. O. Ex. XXXII, 14; a. fr. , אֲתֵב, אוֹתִיב, הֵתֵיב to lead back, turn; to give back, restore; to recompense. Targ. Jer. XXXII, 44. Targ. Ps. XIX, 8. Targ. Num. XXV, 11. Targ. Ex. XXII, 25. Targ. O. Num. V, 7 (Y. ed. Vien. יִתּוּב Pe.); a fr.—Part. pass. מְתֵיב. Targ. O. ib. 8 (ed. Vien. מְתֵב; Y. מְיֵיתַב(!)).— Trnsf. to throw up, vomit. Targ. Prov. XXV, 16. to reconsider, bethink one’s self. Targ. O. Ex. XXXII, 12. to answer, reply, refute. Targ. Num. XIII, 26. Targ. Job. XX, 2. Targ. Is. L, 11; a. fr.—Esp. to raise an objection, argue; to put a question. Pes. 2ᵃ, a. fr. מֵיתֵיבֵי they (the disputing scholars) raised an objection. Y. Ter. III, 42ᵇ מְתִיבִין קומי … ושתיק they put the question before R. J., and he kept silence. Y. Peah IV, 18ᵇ top התיב ר׳ זעירא וכ׳ R. Z. raised the question before &c. Ib. כל אילין … מוֹתִיב, v. הֲתוֹבְתָּא; (Y. Gitt. VIII, 49ᶜ top מֵשִׁיב h.). Sabb. 145ᵃ הוא מותיב וכ׳, v. פְּרַק. Y. R. Hash. I, 56ᵈ bot. הֲתִיבוּן וכ׳ they raised an objection &c. B. Kam. 56ᵇ bot. אֵיתֵיבֵיה … לרבה R. J. asked Rabbah. Lev. R. s. 11 אֵיתֵיבוּן וכ׳ they objected (by referring to the verse) &c. Ib. מְתִיבוּן ליה they argued against him. Y. Sabb. II, 5ᵃ bot. מְתִיב בר קפרא וכ׳ Bar Ḳ. argued before R. Ḥ. the elder; ומותיב לה והוא מְתַיֵּיב ליה and he raised the argument, and he also answered it. Ib. VII, 9ᵇ top וִיתִיבִינֵיה ר׳ וכ׳ and R. A. might have answered him &c.; ib. מן מה דלא מתיב וכ׳ because he did not answer him &c.; a. v. fr. same, to answer, meet an objection, v. supra. , Ittof. אִתּוֹתַב to be brought back, be returned, restored. Targ. Gen. XLII, 28. Targ. Ex. X, 8. Targ. Ob. I, 15; a. fr. to be answered; to be refuted. Targ. Job XI, 2. Ib. XIX, 7. Targ. Is. LIII, 7; a. fr.—Y. Taan. IV, 67ᶜ א"ל ולא כבר אִיתָּתְבַת said he to him, hast thou not been answered before?; א"ל ובגין דאִיתָּתְבִת תיבטל said he, and because I have been answered, shall it (that prayer) be abolished?; Y. Ber. IV, 7ᶜ top. Pes. 30ᵇ מאחר דאת׳ רבא וכ׳ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 8) now that R. bar I. has been refuted, why does Rab say &c.?; a. fr.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 6 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (2 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (2 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech agrees, 0 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses (9 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: it returned (3); he sent back (1); let them send back (1).

## In the verses

[Daniel 2:14](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.14/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.14/#tree)

בֵּאדַ֣יִן דָּנִיֵּ֗אל הֲתִיב֙ עֵטָ֣א וּטְעֵ֔ם לְאַרְי֕וֹךְ רַב־טַבָּחַיָּ֖א דִּ֣י מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֚י נְפַ֣ק לְקַטָּלָ֔ה לְחַכִּימֵ֖י בָּבֶֽל׃

*Word for word:* then Daniel he.sent.back counsel and discretion to Arioch the.chief the executioners (diy).of the king who he.went.out to kill (et).the wise.men of.Babylon

*JPS 1917:* Then Daniel returned answer with counsel and discretion to Arioch the captain of the king's guard, who was gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon;

[Daniel 3:16](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.16/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.16/#tree)

עֲנ֗וֹ שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ עֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ וְאָמְרִ֖ין לְמַלְכָּ֑א נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר לָֽא־חַשְׁחִ֨ין אֲנַ֧חְנָה עַל־דְּנָ֛ה פִּתְגָ֖ם לַהֲתָבוּתָֽךְ׃

*Word for word:* they.replied Shadrach Meshach and.Abednego and.Abednego and \[they.were\].saying to the king O.Nebuchadnezzar not \[are\].needing we concerning this affair to send back.to.you

*JPS 1917:* Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, answered and said to the king: 'O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer thee in this matter.

## In Targum Onkelos

Number 294 of the commonest words of Targum Onkelos, the Aramaic translation of the Torah: used 18 times there, in the forms וְתָבוּ (10); תּוּב (7); וְתוּב (1).

[Numbers 13:25](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.25/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.25/#tree) · Onkelos, then the Hebrew

וְתָבוּ מִלְאַלָלָא יָת אַרְעָא מִסוֹף אַרְבְּעִין יוֹמִין

וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ מִתּ֣וּר הָאָ֑רֶץ מִקֵּ֖ץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃

*Word for word:* and they.returned from spying.out the land from.\[the\] end of.forty day\[s\]

*JPS 1917:* And they returned from spying out the land at the end of forty days.

[Genesis 44:13](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.13/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.13/#tree) · Onkelos, then the Hebrew

וּבְזָעוּ לְבוּשֵׁיהוֹן וּרְמוֹ גְּבַר עַל חֲמָרֵהּ וְתָבוּ לְקַרְתָּא

וַֽיִּקְרְע֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲמֹס֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הָעִֽירָה׃

*Word for word:* and they.tore clothes their and he.loaded each.man on donkey his and they.went.back to the city

*JPS 1917:* And they rent their clothes, and laded every man his ass, and returned to the city.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5ea_5bc_5d5_5bc_5d1.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1514/lemma_3a_5ea_5bc_5d5_5bc_5d1/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).