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# תְּוַהּ

Biblical Aramaic

**be startled** — used 1 times in the Aramaic chapters of the Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 1 verse word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

be startled [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1514/lemma_3a_5ea_5b0_5bc_5d5_5b7_5d4_5bc/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

תְּוַהּ: vb. be startled, alarmed [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1514/lemma_3a_5ea_5b0_5bc_5d5_5b7_5d4_5bc/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. be startled, alarmed (𝔗 id., Syriac ܬܘܰܗ );— Pf. 3 ms. ת׳ Dn 3:24.

### Jastrow 1903

תְּוַהּ: to be perplexed; to fear, be anxious Pa. Pa to shudder, be disgusted to disgust [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1514/lemma_3a_5ea_5b0_5bc_5d5_5b7_5d4_5bc/#m3)

**The whole Jastrow entry:** (cmp. תְּהַהּ) to be perplexed; to fear, be anxious (corresp. to h. חרד). Targ. O. Gen. XXVII, 33. Targ. Job XXXVII, 1 יתוה (ed. Lag. יִתְוַוהּ; some ed. יְתַיָּוא Pa.). Targ. Jer. XXXVI, 24 (h. text פחד). Targ. Y. Num. XXXIII, 24. Targ. Koh. IV, 16 תְּוָוהוּ ed. Lag. (ed. Vien. תְּיָהוּ, read תְּוָהוּ). Targ. O. Deut. XXVIII, 66, sq. תָּוַהּ ed. Berl. (ed. Vien. תָּוֵה). Targ. Esth. V, 14 ת׳ לצפרא (ed. Vien. תַּוָּה Pa.) waited anxiously for the morning; a. fr.—Tanḥ. Emor 10 תַּוְהוּ כולי עלמא all the people were perplexed (marvelled); Yalk. Mic. 554 תמהו אומות העולם (corr. acc.). to shudder, be disgusted. Pes. 50ᵇ תַּוְוהוּ ביה אינשי Ms. M. people are disgusted with it (dislike the occupation), v. תְּהֵי. same, v. supra. to disgust. Targ. Ps. LXXVIII, 41 אַתְווּ תִוְהָא ed. Wil. (ed. Lag. איתיו תִיוְהָא, corr. acc.).

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (1 candidates); Jastrow: headword, part of speech agrees, 0 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (13 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: he was alarmed (1).

## In the verses

[Daniel 3:24](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.24/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.24/#tree)

אֱדַ֙יִן֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֔א תְּוַ֖הּ וְקָ֣ם בְּהִתְבְּהָלָ֑ה עָנֵ֨ה וְאָמַ֜ר לְהַדָּֽבְר֗וֹהִי הֲלָא֩ גֻבְרִ֨ין תְּלָתָ֜א רְמֵ֤ינָא לְגוֹא־נוּרָא֙ מְכַפְּתִ֔ין עָנַ֤יִן וְאָמְרִין֙ לְמַלְכָּ֔א יַצִּיבָ֖א מַלְכָּֽא׃

*Word for word:* then Nebuchadnezzar the king he.was.alarmed and he.arose in haste \[he.was\].replying and \[he.was\].saying to counselors his not? men three did.we.throw to the.midst of the.fire bound \[they.were\].replying and \[they.were\].saying to the king certain O king

*JPS 1917:* Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was alarmed, and rose up in haste; he spoke and said unto his ministers: 'Did not we cast three men bound into the midst of the fire?' They answered and said unto the king: 'True, O king.'

## On Mova

- [This word in the Biblical Aramaic dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/aramaic/w/lemma_3a_5ea_5b0_5bc_5d5_5b7_5d4_5bc.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/aramaic/1514/lemma_3a_5ea_5b0_5bc_5d5_5b7_5d4_5bc/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).