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# זָעַף

Biblical Hebrew

**be out of humour** — used 2 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

be out of humour [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1494/lemma_3a_5d6_5b8_5e2_5b7_5e3/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

זָעַף: vb. be out of humour, vexed; be enraged [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1494/lemma_3a_5d6_5b8_5e2_5b7_5e3/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. be out of humour, vexed; be enraged (Aramaic ܙܥܰܦ rage against, זְעַף to storm, זַעֲפָא storm; cf. Sam. ࠆࠏࠐblow, breathe)— Impf. יִזְעַף Pr 19:3; וַיִּזְעַף 2 Ch 26:19; Inf. וַעְפּוֹ 2 Ch 26:19; Pt. pl. זֹעֲפִים Gn 40:6 Dn 1:10;— be out of humour Gn 40:6 (E); dejected, of face Dn 1:10; sq. עַל Pr 19:3 fret against (AV). be enraged (late: cf. Aramaic above) 2 Ch 26:19; sq. עִם v 19.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (3 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (3 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: \[were\] looking dejected (1); looking thin (1).

## In the verses

[Genesis 40:6](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.40.6/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.40.6/#tree)

וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיַּ֣רְא אֹתָ֔ם וְהִנָּ֖ם זֹעֲפִֽים׃

*Word for word:* and he.came to them Joseph in the morning and he.saw them and there they \[were\].looking.dejected

*JPS 1917:* And Joseph came in unto them in the morning, and saw them, and, behold, they were sad.

[Daniel 1:10](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.10/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.10/#tree)

וַיֹּ֜אמֶר שַׂ֤ר הַסָּרִיסִים֙ לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל יָרֵ֤א אֲנִי֙ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִנָּ֔ה אֶת־מַאֲכַלְכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֡ר לָמָּה֩ יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים מִן־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֖י לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃

*Word for word:* and he.said the.chief of the.officials to Daniel \[am\].fearing I (et) master my the king who he.has.assigned (et) food your and (et) drink your that why? will.he.see (et) faces your looking.thin more.than the youths who \[are\].about age your and you.will.endanger (et) head my to the king

*JPS 1917:* And the chief of the officers said unto Daniel: 'I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your food and your drink; for why should he see your faces sad in comparison with the youths that are of your own age? so would ye endanger my head with the king.'

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/lemma_3a_5d6_5b8_5e2_5b7_5e3.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1494/lemma_3a_5d6_5b8_5e2_5b7_5e3/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).