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# חָמַס

Biblical Hebrew · Strong's H2554

**treat violently** — used 8 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

treat violently [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2554/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

חָמַס: vb. treat violenty, wrong [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2554/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. treat violenty, wrong (NH id., act violently, treat violently; Aramaic חֲמַס (rare) violently seize; Arabic حَمِسَ is be hard, strict, rigorous)— Pf. 3 pl. חָֽמְסוּ Ez 22:26; Zp 3:4; Impf. יַחְמֹס Jb 15:33, וַיַּחְמֹם La 2:6; תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Jb 21:27; Je 22:3; Pt. חֹמֵס Pr 8:36;—treat violently, wrong;— of physical wrong: תַּחְ׳ Je 22:3 (‖ תֹּנוּ) of wrong to widows and orphans; וַיַּח׳ כַּגַּן שֻׂכּוֹ La 2:6 and hath done violence to his pavilion as to a garden (‖ שִׁחֵת מֹעֲדוֹ); so, fig., of vine, wrong, i.e. fail to nourish, kill יַח׳ כַּגֶּפֶן בִּסְרוֹ Jb 15:33. of ethical wrong, obj. תּוֹרָה Zp 3:4; Ez 22:26 (both ‖ חִלֵּל קֹדֶשׁ); cf. מְזִמּוֹת עָלַי תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Jb 21:27 the devices (wherewith) ye do me violence. both physical and ethical חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Pr 8:36. Pf. 3 pl. נֶחְמְסוּ Je 13:22 thy heels suffer violence (‖ נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ).

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 8 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (2 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 words shared with the BDB entry, 2 with the glosses (2 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: \[is\] treating violently (1); he has treated violently (1); he will treat violently (1).

## In the verses

[Job 21:27](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.21.27/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.21.27/#tree)

הֵ֣ן יָ֭דַעְתִּי מַחְשְׁבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וּ֝מְזִמּ֗וֹת עָלַ֥י תַּחְמֹֽסוּ׃

*Word for word:* here! I.know thoughts your and.\[the\] schemes \[which\].on me you.do.violence

*JPS 1917:* Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye wrongfully imagine against me.

[Proverbs 8:36](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.8.36/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.8.36/#tree)

וְֽ֭חֹטְאִי חֹמֵ֣ס נַפְשׁ֑וֹ כָּל־מְ֝שַׂנְאַ֗י אָ֣הֲבוּ מָֽוֶת׃פ

*Word for word:* and \[one who\].misses.me \[is\].treating.violently self his all \[those who\].hate.me they.love death

*JPS 1917:* But he that misseth me wrongeth his own soul; all they that hate me love death.'

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/2554.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2554/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).