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# חָנֵף

Biblical Hebrew · Strong's H2610

**be polluted** — used 11 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

be polluted [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2610/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

חָנֵף: vb. be polluted, profane [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2610/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. be polluted, profane (Arabic حَنَفَ incline, decline, hence حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, but in Heb. of inclining away from right, irreligion, profaneness, cf. حَنِفَ have a حَنَفٌ i.e. distortion of foot; Syriac in deriv. be profane, etc.; NH Hiph., Aramaic Aph. act falsely toward, flatter, חֲנוּכָּה hypocrisy; Assyrian ḫanpu, ruthlessness; ḫanâpu, exercise ruthlessness toward, Tel Amarna ZimZA vi. 1891, 256)— Pf. 3 fs. חָֽנְפָה Is 24:5; 3 pl. חָנֵפ֑וּ Je 23:11; Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱנַף Je 3:1; תֶּחֱנָ֑ף Mi 4:11; וַתֶּחֱנַף Je 3:9 ψ 106:38; Inf. abs. חָנוֹף Je 3:1;— be polluted: of land Is 24:5; Je 3:1(×2) ψ 106:38; of Zion Mi 4:11. of prophet and priest = be חָנֵף (cf. infr.) i.e. profane, godless Je 23:11.—Je 3:9 appar. trans. וַתֶּחֱנַף את הארץ, Gf del. את, Gie cites Ges§ 121, 1, but read rather Hiph. וַתַּחֲנֵף with Codd. 𝔊 Ew al. (v. also Gf Gie). Impf. יַחֲנִיף Nu 35:33; Dn 11:32; 2 fs. וַתַּחֲנִ֫יפִי Je 3:2; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנִ֫יפוּ;— pollute: the land Nu 35:33(×2) (by blood; P), Je 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Je 3:9 (v. supr.) make profane, godless Dn 11:32 c. acc. pers.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 9 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (3 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (3 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: it was polluted (2); completely (be polluted) (1); he will pollute (1).

## In the verses

[Daniel 11:32](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.11.32/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.11.32/#tree)

וּמַרְשִׁיעֵ֣י בְרִ֔ית יַחֲנִ֖יף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת וְעַ֛ם יֹדְעֵ֥י אֱלֹהָ֖יו יַחֲזִ֥קוּ וְעָשֽׂוּ׃

*Word for word:* and \[those.who\].act.wickedly of.\[the\].covenant he.will.pollute with flattering.\[words\] and a.people \[which\].know God (of).its they.will.display.strength and they.will.act

*JPS 1917:* And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall be corrupt by blandishments; but the people that know their God shall show strength, and prevail.

[Isaiah 24:5](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.5/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.5/#tree)

וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃

*Word for word:* and the earth it.has.been.polluted under inhabitants its (dm) they.have.transgressed laws they.have.overstepped \[the\].decree they.have.broken \[the\].covenant of.perpetuity

*JPS 1917:* The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, violated the statute, broken the everlasting covenant.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/2610.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1495/2610/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).