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# יָתוֹם

Biblical Hebrew · Strong's H3490

**orphan** — used 42 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

orphan [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1497/3490/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

יָתוֹם: orphan [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1497/3490/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** n.\[m.\] orphan (NH id.; Aramaic יַתְמָא, ܝܰܬܡܳܐ; Ph. יתם; Arabic يَتِيمٌ pupil, orphan)—יָתוֹם Ex 22:21 + 29 times; pl. יְתוֹמִים v 23 + 8 times; sf. יְתֹמֶיךָ Je 49:11; יְתֹמָיו Is 9:16; לִיתוֹמָיו ψ 109:12;—orphan, i.e. fatherless (‖ אַלְמָנָה) Ex 22:23 ψ 109:9 La 5:3 (‖ אֵין אָב); Jb 24:9 ψ 109:12; prob. also Ex 22:21 Dt 10:18; 14:29; 16:11, 14; 24:17, 19, 20, 21; 26:12, 13; 27:19 ψ 94:6; 146:9 Je 7:6; 22:3 Zc 7:10 Mal 3:5 (in all these, mentioned as helpless, exposed to injury, ‖ אַלְמָנָה and גֵּר); similarly, ‖ אַלְמָנָה Jb 22:9; 24:3; 29:12; 31:17 ψ 68:6 Is 1:17, 23; 9:16; 10:2 Je 49:11 Ez 22:7; without אלמנה Ho 14:4 Jb 6:27; 31:21 ψ 10:14, 18 Pr 23:10 Je 5:28 (in no case clear that both parents are dead).

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 41 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (6 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (4 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: a fatherless one (8); one (8); \[the\] fatherless (7).

## In the verses

[Job 24:3](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.24.3/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.24.3/#tree)

חֲמ֣וֹר יְתוֹמִ֣ים יִנְהָ֑גוּ יַ֝חְבְּל֗וּ שׁ֣וֹר אַלְמָנָֽה׃

*Word for word:* \[the\].donkey of.fatherless.ones they.drive.away they.take.as.pledge \[the\].ox of.a.widow

*JPS 1917:* They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's ox for a pledge.

[Exodus 22:21](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.21/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.21/#tree)

כָּל־אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְיָת֖וֹם לֹ֥א תְעַנּֽוּן׃

*Word for word:* any widow and a.fatherless.one not you must.afflict

*JPS 1917:* Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/3490.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1497/3490/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).