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# מְהוּמָה

Biblical Hebrew · Strong's H4103

**tumult** — used 12 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

tumult [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1502/4103/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

מְהוּמָה: n.f. tumult, confusion, disquietude, discomfiture [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1502/4103/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** n.f. tumult, confusion, disquietude, discomfiture—abs. מ׳ Dt 7:23 + 7 times; cstr. מְהוּמַת 1 S 5:11 Ez 22:5; pl. abs. מְהוּמוֹת 2 Ch 15:5, מְהוּמֹת Am 3:9;— tumult, confusion Am 3:9 (‖ עֲשׁוּקִים oppression), disturbance, turmoil (opp. peace) 2 Ch 15:5 (‖ vb. המם v 6), cf. Ez 22:5; disquietude (of mind) Pr 15:16; especially tumult & confusion, panic, as due to divine judgment מְהוּמַת־י׳ Zc 14:13 cf. Ez 7:7; also 1 S 5:9 and מְהוּמַת מָוֶת v 11. discomfiture (due to י׳) in war 1 S 14:20 (cf. v 15, 22); Dt 7:23 (acc. cogn. c. הום q.v.), 28:20 (‖ מְאֵרָה, מִגְעֶרֶת); cf. יוֹם מ׳ Is 22:5 (‖ מְבוּסָה, מְבוּכָה) a day of discomfiture & down-treading & confusion.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 11 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (2 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (1 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: confusion (4); disturbances (2); panic (2).

## In the verses

[Proverbs 15:16](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.15.16/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.15.16/#tree)

טוֹב־מְ֭עַט בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה מֵאוֹצָ֥ר רָ֝֗ב וּמְה֥וּמָה בֽוֹ׃

*Word for word:* \[is\].good a.little with the.fear of.Yahweh more than.treasure great and turmoil \[is\].with it

*JPS 1917:* Better is little with the fear of the LORD, than great treasure and turmoil therewith.

[Ezekiel 22:5](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.5/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.5/#tree)

הַקְּרֹב֛וֹת וְהָרְחֹק֥וֹת מִמֵּ֖ךְ יִתְקַלְּסוּ־בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֣ת הַשֵּׁ֔ם רַבַּ֖ת הַמְּהוּמָֽה׃

*Word for word:* the.\[nations\] nearby and the.\[nations\] far.off from you they.will.deride (in) you O.unclean of.(the) name O.great.\[one\] of.(the) turmoil

*JPS 1917:* Those that are near, and those that are far from thee, shall mock thee, thou defiled of name and full of tumult.

## On Mova

- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1502/4103/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).