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# צוּם

Biblical Hebrew · Strong's H6684

**abstain from food** — used 21 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

abstain from food [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1510/6684/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

צוּם: vb. abstain from food, fast [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1510/6684/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. abstain from food, fast (NH id.; Arabic (صوم), صَامَ Ethiopic ጾመ: Aramaic צוּם, ܨܳܡ );— Pf. 2 ms. צַמְתָּ 2 S 12:21; 2 mpl. צַמְתֶּם Zc 7:5, sf. צַמְתֻּנִי v 5; Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צָם 2 S 12:16, וַיָּצוֹ֑ם 1 K 21:27; 1 s. אָצוּם Est 4:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. צוּמוּ v 16; Inf. abs. צוֹם Zc 7:5; Pt. צָם 2 S 12:23; Ne 1:4;—fast, in mourning the dead 1 S 31:13 = 1 Ch 10:12; 2 S 1:12; in worship (contrition, intercession, etc.) Ju 20:26; 1 S 7:6; 2 S 12:16 (c. acc. cogn. צוֹם; ‖ בִּקֵּשׁ), v 23 and (+ בָּכָה), v 21, 22 (q.v. for explanation), Je 14:12; Zc 7:5 (+ סְפוֹד), הֲצוֹם צַמְתֻּנִי v 5 (Ges§ 117 x) was it at all unto me \[י׳\] that ye fasted? וָאֱהִי צָם Ne 1:4 (periphr. conj.; + מִתְפַּלֵּל), cf. Ezr 8:23 (+ בִּקֵּשׁ), Est 4:16 (c. עַל pers. for whom), v 16, Is 58:3 (‖ עִנִּינוּ נַפְשֵׁנוּ), v 4 (c, ל rei), v 4; once in disappointment and vexation 1 K 21:27.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 17 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (3 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (2 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: they fasted (5); fasting (2); he fasted (2).

## In the verses

[Ezra 8:23](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.8.23/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.8.23/#tree)

וַנָּצ֛וּמָה וַנְּבַקְשָׁ֥ה מֵאֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ עַל־זֹ֑את וַיֵּעָתֵ֖ר לָֽנוּ׃

*Word for word:* and we fasted and we sought from God our on this and he.was.entreated by us

*JPS 1917:* So we fasted and besought our God for this; and He was entreated of us.

[1 Samuel 31:13](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.13/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.13/#tree)

וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־עַצְמֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ תַֽחַת־הָאֶ֖שֶׁל בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁה וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃פ

*Word for word:* and they.took (et) bones their and they.buried.\[them\] under the.tamarisk tree in Jabesh and they.fasted seven days

*JPS 1917:* And they took their bones, and buried them under the tamarisk-tree in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/6684.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1510/6684/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).