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# קֶדֶם

Biblical Hebrew

**front** — used 1 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 1 verse word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

front [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b6_5d3_5b6_5dd/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

**The whole BDB entry:** n.\[m.\] front, east, aforetime;—abs. ק׳ Dt 33:27 +, קֶ֑דֶם Ju 8:10 +, cstr. קֶדֶם Pr 8:22; once pl. cstr. קַדְמֵי v 23;— loc. front, מִקּ׳ Is 9:11 from the front (i.e. East), in front (opp. מֵאָחוֹר), אָחוֹר וָק׳ ψ 139:5 behind and before; ק׳ אֶהֱלֹךְ Jb 23:8 I go forward (opp. אָחוֹר). East: הַר־הַקּ׳ Gn 10:30 (J) mount of the East; בְּנֵי־ק׳ = dwellers in the E., tribes E. or NE. of Canaan Gn 29:1 (E), Ju 6:3, 33; 7:12; 8:10; 1 K 5:10; Is 11:14; Je 49:28; Ez 25:4, 10; Jb 1:3; הַרְרֵי ק׳ Nu 23:7, v. Di SachauReise (1883), 159 ff. 165 ff. Dr in Hastpethor; אֶרֶץ ק׳ Gn 25:6 (J); מָֽלְאוּ מִקֶּדֶם Is 2:6 they are full from the E. (ins. prob. קֶסֶם, מִקְסָם, or קֹסְמִים before מִקּ׳, cf. Lo De Du CheHpt. Di-Kit); elsewhere מִקּ׳ = eastward: (1) in the E. Gn 2:8; (2) on the E. (side) 12:8 (J) Zc 14:4; מִקּ׳ לְ on the E. of Gn 3:24 (J), 12:8 (J), Nu 34:11 (P), Jos 7:2 (JE), Ju 8:11; Ez 11:23; Jon 4:5; (3) eastward, c. vb. of motion Gn 11:2; 13:11 (both J). temp., ancient time, aforetime: הַרְרֵי ק׳ Dt 33:15 ancient mts., cf. אֱלֹהֵי ק׳ v 27, מַלְכֵי־ק׳ Is 19:11, בִּשְׁמֵי שְׁמֵי־ק׳ ψ 68:34. בִּימֵי ק׳ ψ 44:2 in ancient days; cf. מִימֵי ק׳ from of old Is 23:7; Mi 7:20; La 1:7; 2:17, Is 37:26 = לְמִימֵי ק׳ 2 K 19:25 (v. מִן 9 b (2)); כִּימֵי ק׳ Is 51:9; Je 46:26; יַרְחֵי קֹ Jb 29:2 months of old. מִקּ׳ from of old Mi 5:1; Is 45:21; 46:10; Hb 1:12; Ne 12:46 ψ 74:12; 77:12; מִנִּי־ק׳ 78:2 springing out of, derived from, ancient times (cf. Dr); יָמִים מִקּ׳ 77:6; 143:5 days from of old. ק׳ alone, as adv. anciently, of old ψ 74:2; 119:152; כְּק׳ Je 30:20; La 5:21; ישֵׁב ק׳ ψ 55:20 he that sitteth (enthroned from) of old. beginning, מִקַּדְמֵי־אָ֑רֶץ Pr 8:23 from the beginnings of the earth; ק׳ מִפְעָלָיו Pr 8:22 the beginning of his works (‖ רֵאשִׁית).

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses (5 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (5 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: east (1).

## In the verses

[Numbers 34:11](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.34.11/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.34.11/#tree)

וְיָרַ֨ד הַגְּבֻ֧ל מִשְּׁפָ֛ם הָרִבְלָ֖ה מִקֶּ֣דֶם לָעָ֑יִן וְיָרַ֣ד הַגְּב֔וּל וּמָחָ֛ה עַל־כֶּ֥תֶף יָם־כִּנֶּ֖רֶת קֵֽדְמָה׃

*Word for word:* and it.will.go.down the border from Shepham (the) Riblah from.\[the\] east of Ain and it.will.go.down the border and it.will.reach to the.slope of.the.sea of.Kinnereth eastward

*JPS 1917:* and the border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah, on the east side of Ain; and the border shall go down, and shall strike upon the slope of the sea of Chinnereth eastward;

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/lemma_3a_5e7_5b6_5d3_5b6_5dd.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1511/lemma_3a_5e7_5b6_5d3_5b6_5dd/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).