[Elamur Dictionary](https://md.dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/biblical-hebrew/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%97/)

[dictionaries](https://md.dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [Biblical Hebrew](https://md.dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/biblical-hebrew/) / [ק](https://md.dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/biblical-hebrew/qof/)‎ / קָשַׁח‎

# קָשַׁח

Biblical Hebrew · Strong's H7188

**make hard** — used 2 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

make hard [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1511/7188/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

קָשַׁח: vb. Hiph. make hard treat hardly [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1511/7188/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. Hiph. 1. make hard. 2. treat hardly (Arabic قَسَحَ be hard, firm, tough; Sab. קסח hardness, severity, cruelty, SabDenkm 37);— make hard, stubborn, Impf. 2 ms. תַּקְשִׁיחַ (subj. י׳), c. acc. לֵב Is 63:17 (+ מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ). treat hardly, roughly (of ostrich), Pf. 3 ms. הִקְשִׁיחַ Jb 39:16 (c. acc. בָּנֶיהָ; read 3 fs. הִקְשִׁיחָה Hi Siegf Du); § 113 z) הַקְשֵׁיחַ Ew, or Impf. 3 fs. תַּקְשִׁיחַ Hirz BaeKau Bu.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (1 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 2 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (1 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: do you harden? (1); it treats harshly (1).

## In the verses

[Job 39:16](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.39.16/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.39.16/#tree)

הִקְשִׁ֣יחַ בָּנֶ֣יהָ לְּלֹא־לָ֑הּ לְרִ֖יק יְגִיעָ֣הּ בְּלִי־פָֽחַד׃

*Word for word:* it.treats.harshly young its to not \[belonging\].to it \[is\].to emptiness labor its not fear

*JPS 1917:* She is hardened against her young ones, as if they were not hers; though her labour be in vain, she is without fear;

[Isaiah 63:17](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.17/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.63.17/#tree)

לָ֣מָּה תַתְעֵ֤נוּ יְהוָה֙ מִדְּרָכֶ֔יךָ תַּקְשִׁ֥יחַ לִבֵּ֖נוּ מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ שׁ֚וּב לְמַ֣עַן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ שִׁבְטֵ֖י נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃

*Word for word:* why? do you.make.us.wander O.Yahweh from ways your do.you.harden? heart our from fear of.you return for.the.sake.of servants your the.tribes your.inheritance your

*JPS 1917:* O LORD, why dost Thou make us to err from Thy ways, and hardenest our heart from Thy fear? Return for Thy servants' sake, the tribes of Thine inheritance.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/7188.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1511/7188/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).