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# שָׁאַף

Biblical Hebrew

**crush** — used 6 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

crush [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/lemma_3a_5e9_5b8_5c1_5d0_5b7_5e3/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

שָׁאַף²: vb. crush, trample upon [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/lemma_3a_5e9_5b8_5c1_5d0_5b7_5e3/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** vb. crush, trample upon (‖ form of שׁוּף (q.v.), if pointing right, cf. Köi. 439; We Now read שָׁאפִים, etc., from שׁוּף, cf. Ges§72 p; perhaps orig. pulverize by rubbing, but also appar. by pounding, stamping, treading, LevyChWB שׁוּף, JastrDict. שׁוּף, שׁאף;—most make = I. שׁאף, but Vrss render as above);— Pf. 3 ms. sf. שְׁאָפַ֫נִי ψ 56:2, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ v 3; Inf. abs. שָׁאֹף Ez 36:3; Pt. sf. שֹׁאֲפִי ψ 57:4; pl. שֹׁאֲפִים Am 2:7; 8:4;—trample upon, crush (the poor, etc.), fig., c. acc. pers. Am 8:4; strangely 2:7 (We Now Marti del. עַל־עֲפַר־אֶרֶץ, which TorreyJBL xv (1896), 152 expl. as old doublet, cf. 𝔊 𝔖; AVRV pant after the dust, etc., hyperb. for extreme avarice, cf. Hi Dr; but Dr thinks 𝔙 poss. original: crush the heads of the poor upon the dust \[cf. Is 3:15\], in any case del. בְּ after שׁ׳ crush); שַׁמּוֹת וְשׁ׳ אֶתְכֶם מִסָּבִיב Ez 36:3; ψ 56:2; 57:4 and (acc. om.) 56:3.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 6 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses (2 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 0 with the glosses (2 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: \[the (1); \[you who\] trample on (1); he (1).

## In the verses

[Amos 8:4](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.4/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.4/#tree)

שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֕את הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֖ים אֶבְי֑וֹן וְלַשְׁבִּ֖ית עֲנִיֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃

*Word for word:* hear this O \[you.who\].trample.on \[the\].needy and to put.an.end.to \[the\].afflicted.\[people\] of.\[the\].land

*JPS 1917:* Hear this, O ye that would swallow the needy, and destroy the poor of the land,

[Psalms 56:3](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.56.3/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.56.3/#tree)

שָׁאֲפ֣וּ שׁ֭וֹרְרַי כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם כִּֽי־רַבִּ֨ים לֹחֲמִ֖ים לִ֣י מָרֽוֹם׃

*Word for word:* they.have.trampled.on.\[me\] enemies my all the day (dm) many.\[people\] \[are\].fighting to me height

*JPS 1917:* They that lie in wait for me would swallow me up all the day; for they are many that fight against me, O Most High,

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/lemma_3a_5e9_5b8_5c1_5d0_5b7_5e3.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/lemma_3a_5e9_5b8_5c1_5d0_5b7_5e3/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).