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# שְׂעֹרָה

Biblical Hebrew · Strong's H8184

**barley** — used 34 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

barley [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/8184/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

שְׂעֹרָה: n.f. barley [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/8184/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** n.f. barley (bearded grain; 𝔊 κριθή, 𝔙 hordeum; NH id.; Sab. שערם Glass in FellZMG liv (1900), 256, Arabic شَعِيرٌ; Old Aramaic שערה, 𝔗 סְעָרְתָא; Syriac ܣܥܳܪܬܳܐ; Di260 cp. Ethiopic ሥርናይ wheat, grain);—abs. שׂ׳ Ex 9:31 +; usually pl. שְׂעֹרִים Ho 3:2 +;—barley, common grain (often ‖ חִטָּה, etc.): growing, standing, sg. Ex 9:31(×2) (J), Dt 8:8 Jb 31:40 Jo 1:11, as sown Is 28:25; standing, pl. 2 S 14:30 שְׂעוֹ׳ 1 Ch 11:13, reaped קְצִיר (הַ)שְׂעֹרִים 2 S 21:9 Ru 1:22; 2:23, גֹּרֶן הַשּׂ׳ 3:2. pl., the grains, measured, cooked, etc.: Ho 3:2(×2) Ez 4:9; 13:19; 45:13 2 K 7:1, 16, 18 Je 41:8 2 Ch 2:9, 14; 27:5 Ru 2:17; 3:15, 17, 2 S 17:28 1 K 5:8 (food for horses); זֶרַע חֹמֶר שׂ׳ Lv 27:16 (P); קֶמַח שׂ׳ Nu 5:15, לֶחֶם שׂ׳ Ju 7:13 2 K 4:42, עֻגַת שׂ׳ Ez 4:12.

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 32 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (6 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (6 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: barley(s) (15); of barley(s) (10); barley (5).

## In the verses

[Job 31:40](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.31.40/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.31.40/#tree)

תַּ֤חַת חִטָּ֨ה ׀ יֵ֥צֵא ח֗וֹחַ וְתַֽחַת־שְׂעֹרָ֥ה בָאְשָׁ֑ה תַּ֝֗מּוּ דִּבְרֵ֥י אִיּֽוֹב׃פ

*Word for word:* in.place.of wheat let.it.come.forth thornbush\[es\] and in.place.of barley foul.weed\[s\] they.are.finished the.words of.Job

*JPS 1917:* Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and noisome weeds instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.

[Joel 1:11](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.11/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.11/#tree)

הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ אִכָּרִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ כֹּֽרְמִ֔ים עַל־חִטָּ֖ה וְעַל־שְׂעֹרָ֑ה כִּ֥י אָבַ֖ד קְצִ֥יר שָׂדֶֽה׃

*Word for word:* be.ashamed O.farmers wail O.vinedressers on \[the\].wheat and on \[the\].barley (dm) it.has.perished \[the\].harvest of.\[the\].field

*JPS 1917:* Be ashamed, O ye husbandmen, wail, O ye vinedressers, for the wheat and for the barley; because the harvest of the field is perished.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/8184.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/8184/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).