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# שָׁפָל

Biblical Hebrew · Strong's H8217

**low** — used 17 times in the Hebrew Bible. Below: its meanings with their sources, MACULA's glosses, and 2 verses word for word and in JPS 1917.

## Meaning

### OpenScriptures lexical index

low [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/8217/#m1)

### Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906

שָׁפָל: adj. low Qal [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/8217/#m2)

**The whole BDB entry:** adj. low;—abs. שׁ׳ 2 S 6:22 +, cstr. שְׁפַל ψ 29:23 +; fs. שְׁפָלָה Ez 17:14 +, cstr. שִׁפְלַת v 6; pl. שְׁפָלִים Jb 5:11;— low, in height, of vine Ez 17:6, tree v 24 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ); שׁ׳ מִן־הָעוֹר Lv 13:20 lower (deeper) than the skin (around it), so v 21, 26, cf. 14:37. of a modest, unambitious kingdom Ez 17:14; 29:14, 15; low in station Jb 5:11 (opp. שָֽׂגְבוּ), Ez 21:31 (Ges§ 90 f; read הַשְּׁפָלָה֣). humiliated, שׁ׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י 2 S 6:22; pl. Mal 2:9 (‖ נִבְזִים). lowly, as subst. ψ 138:6 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ), רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Is 57:15 (‖ נִדְכָּאִים); שְׁפַל רוּחַ v 15, Pr 29:23 (opp. גַּאֲוַת אָדָם), + 16:19 Thes al. (but v. √ Qal 2).

Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 16 of its verses cited, 1 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (3 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (3 candidates)

## Glosses

MACULA's English glosses of the word in the text, with how often each is used: lowly (7); \[is\] deep (2); a \[person\] lowly (2).

## In the verses

[Job 5:11](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.5.11/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.5.11/#tree)

לָשׂ֣וּם שְׁפָלִ֣ים לְמָר֑וֹם וְ֝קֹדְרִ֗ים שָׂ֣גְבוּ יֶֽשַׁע׃

*Word for word:* to set lowly.\[people\] to a.high.place and mourners they.are.high safety

*JPS 1917:* So that He setteth up on high those that are low, and those that mourn are exalted to safety.

[Proverbs 29:23](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.29.23/) · [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.29.23/#tree)

גַּאֲוַ֣ת אָ֭דָם תַּשְׁפִּילֶ֑נּוּ וּשְׁפַל־ר֝֗וּחַ יִתְמֹ֥ךְ כָּבֽוֹד׃

*Word for word:* \[the\].pride of.a.person it will.bring.him.low and a.\[person\].lowly of.spirit he.will.attain honor

*JPS 1917:* A man's pride shall bring him low; but he that is of a lowly spirit shall attain to honour.

## On Mova

- [This word in the Tanakh dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/tanakh/w/8217.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of its meanings](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/tanakh/1513/8217/): every English meaning parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.

Sources. The words, their counts, glosses and the word-for-word renderings: MACULA Hebrew (the Westminster Leningrad Codex; Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meanings: the OpenScriptures lexical index (CC BY 4.0), Brown–Driver–Briggs 1906 and Jastrow 1903 (public domain, via Sefaria); Targum Onkelos from Sefaria (public domain). Translation: JPS 1917 (public domain, from eBible.org).