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# graven

adjective

«graven» in the English dictionary: in Jewish tradition and Early Modern English — its meanings, how the lessons use it, and examples, each with its tree on Mova.

## In Jewish tradition

It describes the tablets of the Ten Commandments, engraved by God, and the forbidden carved idol, a graven image.

**Interpretation.** The rabbis read this word as a pun on freedom: do not read charut, graven, but cherut, freedom. They also taught that the second commandment forbids making idols to worship.

### Meaning

Carved or cut into stone, wood or metal. [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/graven/#m1)

### Examples

- And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables. (Torah EXO.32.16, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/graven/#x1)
- lest ye deal corruptly, and make you a graven image, even the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female, (Torah DEU.4.16, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/graven/#x2)
- And they wrought the onyx stones, inclosed in settings of gold, graven with the engravings of a signet, according to the names of the children of Israel. (Torah EXO.39.6, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/graven/#x3)
- That with an iron pen and lead they were graven in the rock for ever! (Writings JOB.19.24, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/graven/#x4)
- For they provoked Him with their high places, and moved Him to jealousy with their graven images. (Writings PSA.78.58, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/graven/#x5)
- Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of My hands; thy walls are continually before Me. (Prophets ISA.49.16, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/graven/#x6)

### Note

A record of the Judaism dictionary, written from the corpus.

## Early Modern English

### Meaning

carved or cut into a hard material, such as stone or metal. [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/G/graven/#m1)

### Then and now

No longer used; today we say carved or engraved.

### Examples

- And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables. (Torah EXO.32.16, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/G/graven/#x1)
- lest ye deal corruptly, and make you a graven image, even the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female, (Torah DEU.4.16, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/G/graven/#x2)
- And they wrought the onyx stones, inclosed in settings of gold, graven with the engravings of a signet, according to the names of the children of Israel. (Torah EXO.39.6, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/G/graven/#x3)

### Note

Today: carved.

## On Mova

- [Trees and pragmatics of «graven» in the Judaism dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/graven/): every meaning and example parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.
- [«graven» in the Judaism dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/graven.html) on Mova free.
- [Trees and pragmatics of «graven» in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/G/graven/): every meaning and example parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.
- [«graven» in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/graven.html) on Mova free.