[Elamur Dictionary](https://md.dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/english/without/)

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# without

preposition

«without» in the English dictionary: Early Modern English — its meanings, how the lessons use it, and examples, each with its tree on Mova.

## Early Modern English

### Meaning

Outside of; not inside a place (as in "without the city"). [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/#m1)

### Then and now

Today "without" means "lacking" or "not having". The first sentence uses the old sense of "outside", while the other two use today's sense of lacking.

### Examples

- And they brought him forth, and set him without the city. (Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/#x1)
- "What runs without feet?" says he. (More English Fairy Tales) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/#x2)
- 21) The combination of the twenty-two letters without permutation is represented in the following table: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877) [tree →](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/#x3)

### Note

Today: outside; beyond.

## On Mova

- [Trees and pragmatics of «without» in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/W/without/): every meaning and example parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.
- [«without» in the Early Modern English dictionary](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/emode/w/without.html) on Mova free.